Function Dump/Mathematical Functions

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Mathematical Functions

This library is an interface to the standard C math library. It provides all its functions inside the table math. The functions are listed below.

math.abs (x)

Returns the absolute value of x.

Example

print(math.abs(-5))

Will result in:
5

math.acos (x)

Returns the arc cosine of x (in radians).

Example

print(math.acos(-1))

Will result in:
3.1415926535898

math.asin (x)

Returns the arc sine of x (in radians).

Example

print(math.asin(0))

Will result in:
0

math.atan (x)

Returns the arc tangent of x (in radians).

Example

print(math.atan(math.pi))

Will result in:
1.2626272556789

math.atan2 (y, x)

Returns the arc tangent of y/x (in radians), but uses the signs of both parameters to find the quadrant of the result. (It also handles correctly the case of x being zero.)

math.ceil (x)

Returns the smallest integer larger than or equal to x. Essentially, rounds a number to the next highest value

Example

z=math.ceil (4.2)
print(z)

Will result in:
5

math.cos (x)

Returns the cosine of x (assumed to be in radians).

Example

print(math.cos (1))

Will result in:
0.54030230586814

math.cosh (x)

Returns the hyperbolic cosine of x.

Example

print(math.cosh (1))

Will result in:
1.5430806348152

math.deg (x)

Returns the angle x (given in radians) in degrees.

Example

print(math.deg (1.570796326794896))

Will result in:
90

math.exp (x)

Returns the the value e^x.

Example

print(math.exp (1))

Will result in:
2.718281828459

math.floor (x)

Returns the largest integer smaller than or equal to x. This function is also known as the 'greatest integer function'.

Example

z=math.floor (4.8)
print(z)

Will result in:
4

math.fmod (x, y)

Returns the remainder of the division of x by y that rounds the quotient towards zero.

Example

print(math.fmod (10, 3))

Will result in:
1

math.frexp (x)

Returns m and e such that x = m*2^e, e is an integer and the absolute value of m is in the range [0.5, 1) (or zero when x is zero).

Example

print(math.frexp (0))

Will result in:
0 0

print(math.frexp (4))

Will result in:
0.5 3 -- (2^3/2=4)

math.huge

The value HUGE_VAL, a value larger than or equal to any other numerical value.

Example

print(math.huge)

Will result in:
1.#INF

math.ldexp (m, e)

Returns m*2^e (e should be an integer).

Example

print(math.ldexp (2, 6))

Will result in:
128 (i.e., (2*(2^6))

math.log (x)

Returns the natural logarithm of x.

Example

print(math.log (2.718281828459045))

Will result in:
1

math.log10 (x)

Returns the base-10 logarithm of x.

Example

print(math.log10 (100))

Will result in:
2

math.max (x, ···)

Returns the maximum value among its arguments.

Example

print(math.max (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7))
Will result in:
7

math.min (x, ···)

Returns the minimum value among its arguments.

Example

print(math.min (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7))

Will result in:
1

math.modf (x)

Returns two numbers, the integral part of x and the fractional part of x.

Example

print(math.modf (2.5))

Will result in:
2 0.5

math.pi

The value of pi. Pi is a mathematics term (not the baked good) that represents a very specific number.

Example

print(math.pi)

Will result in:
3.1415926535898

math.pow (x, y)

Returns x^y. (You can also use the expression x^y to compute this value.)

Example

print(math.pow (4, 2))

Will result in:
16

math.rad (x)

Returns the angle x (given in degrees) in radians.

Example

print(math.rad (90))

Will result in:
1.5707963267949 (Which is pi/2)

math.random ([m [, n]])

This function can be called 3 ways:

math.random(min,max) -- returns an Integer min-max

Example

local str = ""
for i = 1,10 do
  local num = math.random(33,126)
  str = str .. string.char(num)
end
print(str) -- random string length 10

math.random() -- returns a Number value 0-1

Example

local color = Color3.new( math.random(), math.random(), math.random() )
print(color) -- random color3

math.random(max) -- returns an Integer 1-max

Example

local list = Workspace:GetChildren()
print( list[math.random(#list)] ) -- random item from list

local a = math.random(5)

The first example returns a random item from list, while the second returns an integer between one and five.

If the second number is less than first (or only number is less than 1), you'll get:

bad argument #n to 'random' (interval is empty)

This function is an interface to the simple pseudo-random generator function rand provided by ANSI C. (No guarantees can be given for its statistical properties.)

math.randomseed (x)

Sets x as the "seed" for the pseudo-random generator: equal seeds produce equal sequences of numbers.

math.sin (x)

Returns the sine of x (assumed to be in radians).

Example

print(math.sin (math.pi / 2))

Will result in:
1

math.sinh (x)

Returns the hyperbolic sine of x.

Example

print(math.sinh (0))

Will result in:
0

math.sqrt (x)

Returns the square root of x. (You can also use the expression x^0.5 to compute this value.)

Example

z=math.sqrt (16)
print(z)

Will result in:
4

math.tan (x)

Returns the tangent of x (assumed to be in radians).

Example

print(math.tan (1))

Will result in:
1.5574077246549

math.tanh (x)

Returns the hyperbolic tangent of x.

Example

print(math.tanh (1))

Will result in:
0.76159415595576