Function Dump/Mathematical Functions

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Function Dump

Mathematical Functions

This library is an interface to the standard C math library. It provides all its functions inside the table math.

math.abs (x)

Returns the absolute value of x.

Example

a=math.abs(-5)
print(10 + a)

Will result in:
15

math.acos (x)

Returns the arc cosine of x (in radians).

Example

a=math.acos (0.5) 
b=math.deg (a)
print(b)

Will result in:
60 (degrees)

math.asin (x)

Returns the arc sine of x (in radians).

Example

a=math.asin (0.5)
b=math.deg (a)
print(b)

Will result in:
30 (degrees)

math.atan (x)

Returns the arc tangent of x (in radians).

Example

a=math.atan (0.5)
b=math.deg (a)
print(b)

Will result in:
26.565051177078 (degrees)

math.atan2 (y, x)

Returns the arc tangent of y/x (in radians), but uses the signs of both parameters to find the quadrant of the result. (It also handles correctly the case of x being zero.)

math.ceil (x)

Returns the smallest integer larger than or equal to x.

Example

z=math.ceil (4.2)
print(z)

Will result in:
5

math.cos (x)

Returns the cosine of x (assumed to be in radians).

Example

print(math.cos (1))

Will result in:
0.54030230586814

math.cosh (x)

Returns the hyperbolic cosine of x.

Example

print(math.cosh (1))

Will result in:
1.5430806348152

'math.deg (x)

Returns the angle x (given in radians) in degrees.

Example

print(math.deg (1.5707963267948966192313216916398))

Will result in:
90

math.exp (x)

Returns the the value e^x.

Example

print(math.exp (1))

Will result in:
2.718281828459

math.floor (x)

Returns the largest integer smaller than or equal to x.

Example

z=math.ceil (4.2)
print(z)

Will result in:
4

math.fmod (x, y)

Returns the remainder of the division of x by y that rounds the quotient towards zero.

Example

print(math.fmod (10, 3))

Will result in:
1

math.frexp (x)

Returns m and e such that x = m*2^e, e is an integer and the absolute value of m is in the range [0.5, 1) (or zero when x is zero).

Example

print(math.frexp (0))

Will result in:
0 0

print(math.frexp (4))

Will result in:
0.5 3 -- (2^3/2=4)

math.huge

The value HUGE_VAL, a value larger than or equal to any other numerical value.

Example

print(math.huge)

Will result in:
1.#INF

math.ldexp (m, e)

Returns m*2^e (e should be an integer).

Example

print(math.ldexp (2, 6))

Will result in:
128 (i.e., (2*(2^6))

math.log (x)

Returns the natural logarithm of x.

Example

print(math.log (2.71828182845904523536))

Will result in:
1

math.log10 (x)

Returns the base-10 logarithm of x.

Example

print(math.log10 (100))

Will result in:
2

math.max (x, ···)

Returns the maximum value among its arguments.

Example

print(math.max (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7))
Will result in:
7

math.min (x, ···)

Returns the minimum value among its arguments.

Example

print(math.min (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7))

Will result in:
1

math.modf (x)

Returns two numbers, the integral part of x and the fractional part of x.

Example

print(math.modf (2.5))

Will result in:
2 0.5

math.pi

The value of pi.

Example

print(math.pi)

Will result in:
3.1415926535898

math.pow (x, y)

Returns x^y. (You can also use the expression x^y to compute this value.)

Example

print(math.pow (4, 2))

Will result in:
16

math.rad (x)

Returns the angle x (given in degrees) in radians.

Example

print(math.rad (90))

Will result in:
1.5707963267949 (Which is pi/2)

math.random ([m [, n]])

This function is an interface to the simple pseudo-random generator function rand provided by ANSI C. (No guarantees can be given for its statistical properties.)

When called without arguments, returns a pseudo-random real number in the range [0,1). When called with a number m, math.random returns a pseudo-random integer in the range [1, m]. When called with two numbers m and n, math.random returns a pseudo-random integer in the range [m, n].

Example

print(math.random (0, 10))

Might result in:
7

math.randomseed (x)

Sets x as the "seed" for the pseudo-random generator: equal seeds produce equal sequences of numbers.

math.sin (x)

Returns the sine of x (assumed to be in radians).

Example

print(math.sin (1.5707963267948966192313216916398))

Will result in:
1

math.sinh (x)

Returns the hyperbolic sine of x.

Example

print(math.sinh (0))

Will result in:
0

math.sqrt (x)

Returns the square root of x. (You can also use the expression x^0.5 to compute this value.)

Example

z=math.sqrt (16)
print(z)

Will result in:
4

math.tan (x)

Returns the tangent of x (assumed to be in radians).

Example

print(math.tan (1))

Will result in:
1.5574077246549

math.tanh (x)

Returns the hyperbolic tangent of x.

Example

print(math.tanh (1))

Will result in:
0.76159415595576

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